Class 10 NCERT Important Questions and Answer
Civics Chapter 3 - Gender, Religion and Caste

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NCERT Class 10 Civics - Important Questions and Answers
Chapter 3 - Gender, Religion and Caste

Gender and Politics

1. What is the gender division in politics and how is it understood in society?
   Gender division is a hierarchical social division present everywhere, but often not acknowledged in political studies. It is based on social expectations and stereotypes rather than biology.
   
   
2. How does the public/private division perpetuate gender roles in society?
   Boys and girls are raised to believe that women's main responsibility is housework and childcare. This leads to a sexual division of labor where women do household chores and men work outside the home. Although women also engage in paid work, it is often undervalued and unrecognized.
   
   
3. How did women's movements contribute to improving women's role in public life and politics?
   Women's movements agitated for equal rights and voting rights in different countries. They demanded better political and legal status, educational opportunities, and equality in personal and family life. As a result, women now hold positions in various professions previously considered unsuitable for them.
   
   
4. What challenges do women still face in society, particularly in India?
   The literacy rate among women is lower compared to men, and fewer girls pursue higher education due to unequal resources allocation by parents. Women are paid less than men in various professions, despite the Equal Remuneration Act of 1976. Sex-selective abortion and violence against women are prevalent issues in India.
   
   
5. How safe are urban areas for women and what forms of violence do they face?
   Urban areas have become unsafe for women, with domestic violence being a significant concern. Women face harassment, exploitation, and violence both inside and outside their homes. There are reports of a decline in the child sex ratio due to sex-selective abortion in certain states.
   
   
6. How is the gender division in society based on social expectations and stereotypes, and how does it impact women's roles both inside and outside the home?
   The gender division in society is not based on biology, but rather on social expectations and stereotypes. Boys and girls are brought up with the belief that women's main responsibility is housework and raising children. As a result, women are primarily responsible for all domestic chores, such as cooking, cleaning, and looking after children, while men take on tasks outside the home. This division of labor limits women's roles in public life, including politics, and perpetuates the idea that certain jobs are more suitable for men than women.
   
   
7. What are some of the challenges women face in society, including limited access to education, unequal opportunities for highly paid jobs, and discrimination in wages and various fields of work?
   Women face several challenges in society, including limited access to education. The literacy rate among women is lower compared to men, and a smaller proportion of girl students pursue higher studies due to unequal resource allocation by parents. Women also have limited opportunities for highly paid jobs, and even when they perform the same work as men, they are often paid less. Discrimination against women is prevalent in various fields of work, from sports and cinema to factories and fields, where they are paid less than their male counterparts.
   
   
8. How have feminist movements contributed to improving women's status in public life, and what are some of the improvements seen in terms of women's career choices and participation in traditionally male-dominated professions?
   Feminist movements have played a crucial role in raising awareness and advocating for women's rights and equal opportunities in public life. They have demanded not only political and legal equality for women but also equality in personal and family life. As a result of these movements, more women are now working in traditionally male-dominated professions such as scientists, doctors, engineers, lawyers, managers, college, and university teachers. This represents a significant shift in societal attitudes towards accepting women in roles that were once considered unsuitable for them.
   
   
9. What are some other issues faced by women, such as sex-selective abortion, domestic violence, and harassment in urban areas, and how can these issues be addressed in society?
   In addition to the challenges mentioned earlier, women also face issues like sex-selective abortion, which has led to a decline in the child sex ratio in the country. Domestic violence and harassment are prevalent, particularly in urban areas, where women may not even feel safe within their own homes. These issues can be addressed through increased awareness, stringent laws, and comprehensive support systems for victims. Education and campaigns against gender discrimination can also play a vital role in changing societal attitudes towards women and promoting gender equality.
   
   
10. In what ways women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression?
    

    Women face disadvantage and discrimination in various ways, including:

    1. Education: Women may have limited access to education compared to men, leading to lower literacy rates and fewer opportunities for higher studies.
    2. Employment: Women often face unequal opportunities for highly paid jobs and are paid less than men, even when they perform the same work.
    3. Gender Roles: Societal expectations and stereotypes assign women the primary responsibility for housework and child-rearing, limiting their roles in public life and perpetuating gender divisions.
    4. Sex-Selective Abortion: In some parts of the world, parents may prefer to have sons and resort to sex-selective abortion, resulting in a decline in the child sex ratio and discrimination against girl children.
    5. Domestic Violence: Women may experience harassment and violence within their own homes, affecting their physical and mental well-being.
    6. Harassment and Violence in Urban Areas: Women may not feel safe in public spaces due to harassment and violence, affecting their freedom of movement and opportunities.
    7. Limited Political Participation: Women may face barriers to participating in politics and public affairs, limiting their representation in decision-making processes.
    8. Wage Gap: Women often earn less than men for the same work, contributing to economic inequality.
    9. Stereotyping and Objectification: Women may be subjected to objectification and stereotyping based on their gender, undermining their value and contributions in society.
    10. Lack of Recognition: Despite their significant contributions to both paid and unpaid work, women's efforts may not be fully recognized or valued.
    Addressing these issues requires a collective effort to challenge and dismantle discriminatory practices and beliefs, promote gender equality, and create a more inclusive and equitable society for women.
    
    
    
    
11. How is gender division a form of hierarchical social division in politics?
    Gender division is a form of hierarchical social division in politics as it results in women being marginalized and underrepresented in public life, including in the field of politics. This division is based on social expectations and stereotypes, rather than biological differences.
    
    
12. What are some of the social expectations and stereotypes that contribute to gender division?
    Some social expectations and stereotypes that contribute to gender division include the belief that women's main responsibility is housework and raising children, while men are expected to work outside the home. These stereotypes perpetuate the idea that certain roles and positions in society are meant for men, while others are meant for women.
    
    
13. How does the public/private division contribute to gender inequality in politics?
    The public/private division reinforces traditional gender roles, with women primarily responsible for domestic work and men being seen as the main participants in public life, including politics. This division limits women's access to political participation and leadership roles, leading to gender inequality in politics.
    
    
14. Why do boys and girls tend to be brought up with different responsibilities and roles in society?
    Boys and girls tend to be brought up with different responsibilities and roles in society due to deeply ingrained social norms and beliefs. These norms dictate that certain tasks are suitable for boys and others for girls, perpetuating gender division and inequality.
    
    
15. How does the division of labor between men and women impact women's participation in public life, especially politics?
    The division of labor between men and women leads to women being burdened with domestic work and caregiving responsibilities, leaving them with less time and opportunities to participate in public life, including politics. This hinders their ability to pursue political careers and hampers their representation in decision-making positions.
    
    
16. How have feminist movements helped improve women's role in public life and their access to education and career opportunities?
     Feminist movements have played a crucial role in advocating for women's rights and equality in various aspects of life, including education and career opportunities. Their activism has led to legal and policy changes that aim to address gender discrimination and improve women's representation in public life, including in professions previously considered unsuitable for women.
    
    
17. In what ways is India still a male-dominated and patriarchal society?
    India is still a male-dominated and patriarchal society as men hold a disproportionate share of power and decision-making positions in various spheres, including politics. Women continue to face disadvantages, discrimination, and violence, and their contributions to society are often undervalued.
    
    
18. What are some of the disadvantages, discrimination, and oppression that women face in India?
    Some of the disadvantages, discrimination, and oppression that women face in India include lower literacy rates compared to men, limited access to higher education, gender pay gaps, and sex-selective abortions leading to a decline in the child sex ratio. Women also face various forms of harassment, exploitation, and violence, particularly in urban areas.
    
    
19. How does the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 address the issue of gender pay gap in India? Is it effective?
    The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 aims to ensure equal wages for equal work between men and women. However, despite the legislation, women in various sectors continue to be paid less than their male counterparts for the same work, indicating that the Act may not be fully effective in addressing the gender pay gap in India.
    
    
20. Why do some parents prefer to have sons and resort to sex-selective abortion of girl children in India?
    Some parents in India prefer to have sons due to traditional beliefs that sons will carry on the family name and provide financial support in old age. This preference, coupled with dowry-related expenses, has led to sex-selective abortions of girl children, resulting in a skewed child sex ratio in the country.
    
    
21. What are some of the forms of harassment, exploitation, and violence against women in India, especially in urban areas?
    Some forms of harassment, exploitation, and violence against women in urban areas in India include domestic violence, sexual harassment in public spaces, human trafficking, and dowry-related violence. These issues pose significant challenges to women's safety and well-being.
    
    

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 - Gender, Religion and Caste

Class 10 CBSE Important Questions and Answers Chapter 3 - Gender, Religion and Caste